HTTP and HTTPS: what is the difference and why it matters for public-sector websites
HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is the main protocol that a web browser uses to communicate with a server. When a visitor opens a website, the browser sends a request to the server via HTTP or HTTPS, and the server returns content: HTML pages, images, documents, style files or other website elements. This is the technical basis that allows almost every website to function.
HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP, using SSL/TLS encryption. This encryption ensures that data between the visitor’s browser and the server is transmitted securely and cannot be easily intercepted or altered by third parties. In practice, this means greater trust in the website, safer sign-in and better protection for both residents and the organisation itself.
Why HTTPS is essential for the public sector
For public-sector organisations in the EU — municipalities, schools, libraries, museums, arts centres or other public bodies — HTTPS is now not a choice but a necessity. Even if the website does not have complex self-service functions, it often publishes information, contains contact forms, event or appointment registrations, and provides documents that can be downloaded. In such cases, it is important to ensure that visitors’ data is transmitted securely.
HTTPS also helps protect the integrity of website content. Without encryption, there is in theory a risk that transmitted content could be altered en route — for example, by inserting misleading information or malicious code. For public-sector websites, which must be reliable and official, this is especially important.
Connection with GDPR and data protection
If a website collects even a minimal amount of personal data — for example, a name, e-mail address, phone number or registration information — secure data transmission becomes an important part of GDPR compliance. HTTPS does not by itself solve all data protection issues, but it is one of the basic technical security measures that help reduce risk.
This is especially relevant for websites of schools, preschools, social services organisations or health organisations, where enquiry, registration or request forms may be used. In such systems, it is important not only to inform users properly about data processing, but also to ensure that the technical infrastructure itself is secure.
How to tell whether a website uses HTTPS
HTTPS usage can usually be identified by the padlock symbol in the browser address bar and by the address beginning with https://. If the website still operates only via http://, browsers may show warnings that the connection is not secure. Such messages reduce trust and may deter residents from using the website.
For public-sector organisations, this matters not only from a reputation point of view. If a resident sees a security warning on a municipality, school or library website, doubts may arise about the reliability of the entire digital service.
What does the move from HTTP to HTTPS mean
Moving to HTTPS usually involves installing an SSL certificate on the server, technically configuring the website and setting up proper redirection from HTTP to HTTPS. It is very important that all old addresses are automatically redirected to the secure version; otherwise, broken links, duplicated content or indexing problems in search engines may occur.
It is also necessary to check whether all website resources — images, scripts, styles, documents — are loaded via HTTPS. If some content remains accessible through an insecure connection, the so-called “mixed content” effect may occur, where the browser still shows security warnings.
HTTPS and accessibility
Although HTTPS is usually associated with security, it also indirectly contributes to a better user experience. A reliable website that works without warnings is clearer for all visitors, including people who use assistive technologies or have fewer digital skills. On public-sector websites, it is important that the user does not face unnecessary barriers simply because of technical security shortcomings.
Accessibility and security often go hand in hand: clear structure, tidy redirects, stable performance and a reliable connection help ensure a quality digital service for all residents.
What is worth remembering
- HTTP is the standard data transfer protocol between a browser and a server. It allows website content to be loaded, but it does not by itself provide an encrypted connection.
- HTTPS uses SSL/TLS encryption and protects transmitted data. This is important for sign-ins, forms and the overall reliability of the website.
- For public-sector websites, HTTPS is essential for security, trust and compliance with good practice. This is especially relevant for municipalities, education and cultural organisations.
- The move to HTTPS must be carried out in a technically sound way: with a certificate, redirects and updates to all resources. Only then will the website work securely and without browser warnings.
In short, HTTPS is now a basic standard for a quality website. For public-sector organisations, it helps protect residents’ data, strengthens trust in the organisation and ensures that digital services are delivered securely and reliably.
Are you creating or updating a public-sector website? Tobalt provides website development services and ensures secure HTTPS and website speed for public-sector organisations.